“New productive forces” in China: Spillover effects and policy implications for Vietnam’s trade and investment

In the context of global economic restructuring toward sustainable development and carbon neutrality, China is accelerating its transition to a new growth model through the development of “new productive forces”, focusing on high-tech industries, green energy, and electric vehicles (EVs). This study analyzes the nature and driving forces of green industries in China and evaluates their multidimensional impacts on Vietnam’s trade and investment structure. Based on macroeconomic data and regional supply chain analysis, the study finds that Vietnam faces increasing competitive pressure from low-cost green technology products while also gaining opportunities to attract next-generation foreign direct investment (FDI) and deepen its participation in global value chains. Based on these findings, the paper proposes policy implications to enhance Vietnam’s adaptability and capacity to capitalize on this structural shift.