Economic interest relations in smart urban development: Theoretical foundations and implications for Bac Ninh City
Published: October 23, 2026
Abstract
Smart urban development is associated not only with the application of technology but also with changes in how resources such as capital, land, data, and technology are mobilized, utilized, and distributed. Drawing on studies of smart cities, urban governance, stakeholders, equity, land, and data, this study examines economic interest relations from a political-economy perspective. It proposes an analytical framework encompassing resources; access and control; value creation; benefits, costs, and risks; value distribution; conflicts of interest; and adjustment mechanisms. On this basis, the study derives implications for land-value distribution, data governance, public-private cooperation, and residents’ ability to benefit from smart urban development in Bac Ninh City.
Keywords
economic interest relationssmart urban developmentpolitical economyvalue distributionBac Ninh City
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