Cost-effective optimization of a rooftop solar photovoltaic system at Building E, Electric Power University

This study evaluates the operational performance of a 6.16 kWp rooftop photovoltaic system at Building E, Electric Power University, using actual load data, electricity generation records, and system specifications. The system generates approximately 6,128.12 kWh annually, meeting about 0.46% of the building’s electricity demand, saving around VND 13.10 million, and reducing CO₂ emissions by 4.04 tons per year. A mixed-integer linear programming model is also developed to optimize the combination of solar photovoltaic generation, battery storage, and grid electricity. The optimal solution indicates that a solar electricity share of approximately 15.3% provides a suitable cost-effective configuration while reducing energy costs and emissions. The findings provide a basis for expanding rooftop solar deployment and improving energy management at the university.