Abstract
This study examines the theoretical and practical foundations of transferring and commercializing research outputs from public science and technology organizations to the business sector. Drawing on a synthesis of the literature and policy analysis, the study identifies the key determinants shaping the commercialization of research and development (R&D) results and critically evaluates limitations within existing mechanisms that govern technology transfer. The findings highlight structural and institutional constraints affecting the efficiency of knowledge diffusion and utilization. By situating the analysis within the context of Ho Chi Minh City, the study provides a comprehensive assessment of the current innovation landscape and the dynamics underpinning the translation of research into marketable applications.
commercialization
technology transfer
public-to-private sector