Green port development in Vietnam: Opportunities and challenges

Amid the global transition toward net-zero emissions, the development of green ports has emerged as an imperative pathway for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fostering sustainable growth in the maritime industry. This study synthesizes and analyzes data from regulatory authorities, international organizations, and academic literature to assess the current status, opportunities, and challenges associated with green port development in Vietnam. The findings indicate that key opportunities stem from clear policy orientations, the adoption of international green standards, advances in digital transformation, potential economic and environmental gains, and improved access to green finance. Conversely, major challenges include limited financial capacity, discrepancies between regulatory criteria and practical implementation, uneven technological readiness and human resource capabilities, and underdeveloped energy infrastructure. Overall, the study provides a comprehensive assessment of the conditions shaping green port development in Vietnam within the broader context of sustainable and internationally integrated maritime growth.