Statistical index system analysis: A key tool for examining relationships and causes of fluctuations in socio-economic phenomena

Analyzing relationships and identifying the causes of fluctuations in socio-economic phenomena are essential objectives that provide managers with a foundation for effective planning and policymaking. Among various analytical approaches, the index number system method remains a long-established yet highly effective statistical tool for examining changes and relationships within socio-economic data. This study outlines the theoretical foundations of the index system analysis method and demonstrates its application through practical examples. The discussion highlights both the strengths and limitations of the method, thereby offering researchers and policymakers insights into how it can be effectively utilized for comprehensive and evidence-based socio-economic analysis.