A Theoretical Review and a Proposed Research Model on Responsible Tourism Intentions and Behavior of Vietnamese Tourists
Published: July 23, 2026
Abstract
Responsible tourism is one approach to helping limit the negative social, environmental, and economic impacts of tourism activities on destinations. This study develops a theoretical framework for exploring the responsible tourism intentions and behaviors of Vietnamese tourists. Based on the study’s findings and related theories such as the Theory of Planned Behavior and the standard trigger model, a research model is proposed to analyze the responsible tourism intention and behavior of Vietnamese tourists. This study develops eight hypotheses leading to responsible tourism intentions and behaviors of Vietnamese tourists
Keywords
responsible tourismthe Theory of Planned Behaviorstandard trigger modelresearch model of tourist perception and behaviorVietnam
References
1.
Ajzen, I. (2002). Perceived Behavioral Control, Self-Efficacy, Locus of Control, and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 32(4), 665-683. DOI:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb00236.x
Caruana, R., Glozer, S., Crane, A., & McCabe, S. (2014). Tourists accounts of responsible tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 46, 115-129. DOI:10.1016/j.annals.2014.03.006
Fornara, F., Pattitoni, P., Mura, M., & Strazzera, E. (2016). Predicting intention to improve household energy efficiency: The role of value-belief-norm theory, normative and informational influence, and specific attitude. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 45, 1-10. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2015.11.001
Gao, J., Huang, Z. (Joy), & Zhang, C. (2016). Tourists perceptions of responsibility: An application of norm activation theory. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(2), 276-291. DOI:10.1080/09669582.2016.1202954
Han, H., & Hyun, S. S. (2017). Drivers of customer decision to visit an environmentally responsible museum: merging the theory of planned behavior and norm activation theory. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 34(9), 1155-1168. DOI:10.1080/10548408.2017.1304317
Hồ Lê Thu Trang, Phan Thị Phương Thảo (2018). Ứng dụng lý thuyết hành vi theo kế hoạch phân tích ý định hành vi du lịch có trách nhiệm về bảo vệ môi trường của du khách nội địa tại Thành phố Cần Thơ. Tạp chí Khoa học Trường Đại học Cần Thơ, Tập 54, Số 9, 124-132. DOI:10.22144/ctu.jvn.2018.189
Liu, Y., Sheng, H., Mundorf, N., Redding, C., & Ye, Y. (2017). Integrating Norm Activation Model and Theory of Planned Behavior to Understand Sustainable Transport Behavior: Evidence from China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(12), 1593. DOI:10.3390/ijerph14121593
Mai Thi Kieu Lan, Hoang Trong Hung (2021). Ảnh hưởng của nhận thức trách nhiệm xã hội điểm đến du lịch đến ý định quay trở lại của du khách: Trường hợp nghiên cứu tại Đà Lạt. Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học Huế: Kinh tế và Phát triển, pISSN: 2588-1205; eISSN: 2615-9716, Tập 130, Số 5A, 2021, Tr. 79-95. DOI:10.26459/hueunijed.v130i5A.6307
Manosuthi, N., Lee, J.-S., & Han, H. (2020). Predicting the revisit intention of volunteer tourists using the merged model between the theory of planned behavior and norm activation model. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 37(4), 510-532. DOI:10.1080/10548408.2020.1784364
Meng, B., Chua, B.-L., Ryu, H. B., & Han, H. (2020). Volunteer tourism (VT) traveler behavior: merging norm activation model and theory of planned behavior. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-23. DOI:10.1080/09669582.2020.1778010
Mondal, S., & Samaddar, K. (2021). Responsible tourism towards sustainable development: Literature review and research agenda. Asia Pacific Business Review, 27(2), 229-266. DOI:10.1080/13602381.2021.1857963
Pham Thi Thuy Nguyet (2019). Khảo sát nhận thức của giới trẻ về nguyên tắc ứng xử du lịch có trách nhiệm tại điểm đến. Tạp chí Phát triển Khoa học và Công nghệ - Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, 3(2), 63-71. DOI:https://doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v3i2.512
Phuong Mai Nguyen, Nam D. Vo, Quang Long To, Van Toan Dinh (2019). Towards responsible tourism in Vietnam: Critical review and implications for future research. 1st International Conference on Economics, Development and Sustainability (EDESUS 2019). DOI:10.1109/EDESUS.2019.00097
Quintal, V. A., Lee, J. A., & Soutar, G. N. (2010). Risk, uncertainty and the theory of planned behavior: A tourism example. Tourism Management, 31(6), 797-805. DOI:10.1016/j.tourman.2009.08.006
Ulker-Demirel, E., & Ciftci, G. (2020). A systematic literature review of the theory of planned behavior in tourism, leisure and hospitality management research. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 209-219. DOI:10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.04.003
Shin, Y. H., Im, J., Jung, S. E., & Severt, K. (2018). The theory of planned behavior and the norm activation model approach to consumer behavior regarding organic menus. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 69, 21-29. DOI:10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.10.011
Steg, L., Dreijerink, L., & Abrahamse, W. (2005). Factors influencing the acceptability of energy policies: A test of VBN theory. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 25(4), 415-425. DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2005.08.003
Schwartz, S. H. (1977). Normative Influences on Altruism. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, Volume 10, 221-279. DOI:10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60358-5