Developing a digital competency framework for employees in small and medium-sized enterprises in Hanoi in the context of digital transformation

This study examines the digital competency framework for employees in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Hanoi within the context of digital transformation. Using literature review, analysis, and synthesis methods, the study clarifies theoretical foundations and evaluates the current state of digital competencies. The findings indicate that although employees show positive awareness of digital transformation, limitations remain in data exploitation, information security, digital content creation, and process innovation. Training activities are often unsystematic and not aligned with practical needs. The study proposes recommendations to develop a suitable digital competency framework for SMEs, contributing to workforce quality improvement and digital transformation.