Applying Commons Governance Theory to promote sustainable economic development in Vietnam

This study examines the application of Elinor Ostrom’s theory of commons governance to the promotion of sustainable economic development in Vietnam. In response to Garrett Hardin’s “Tragedy of the Commons,” Ostrom argues that local communities can effectively self-govern common-pool resources when supported by appropriate institutional arrangements. Drawing on Ostrom’s eight core principles of commons governance, the paper analyzes the degradation of Vietnam’s natural common resources, including marine resources, forests, and land, which has been driven by overexploitation, environmental pollution, and ineffective management practices. These challenges pose significant threats to sustainable development and the livelihoods of local communities. Based on this analysis, the study highlights the need to improve institutional frameworks for resource management, strengthen community empowerment, apply digital technologies to resource monitoring, and promote green and circular economic models. The study emphasizes the importance of polycentric governance and coordinated action among the State, businesses, and local communities in protecting natural resources, preserving the environment, and advancing sustainable development in Vietnam.