Human resource management in the digital era: Challenges and solutions for small and medium-sized enterprises in Vietnam

The rapid development of artificial intelligence, big data, and cloud computing is fundamentally reshaping human resource management (HRM). However, many Vietnamese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) still rely on traditional HRM models that are poorly aligned with development strategies and underutilize digital technologies. This study analyzes the effects of the digital era on HRM in SMEs and identifies major barriers, including shortages of digitally skilled personnel, limited financial capacity, conservative management mindsets, and data-security concerns. It proposes a three-stage roadmap for digital technology adoption, strategies for developing workforce digital competencies, and support mechanisms involving the government and training institutions. These measures aim to help SMEs modernize HRM, strengthen competitiveness, and adapt sustainably to an increasingly digital business environment.