Gender diversity in higher education leadership and organizational quality: A role congruity theory approach in the Vietnamese context

Gender diversity in leadership is considered a key factor in enhancing governance quality and organizational performance, including in higher education institutions. However, in Vietnam, women remain underrepresented in senior leadership positions. This study employs a literature review and theoretical analysis to examine the relationship between gender diversity in leadership and organizational quality from the perspectives of Role Congruity Theory, Human Capital Theory, and Institutional Theory. The findings indicate that gender role stereotypes, institutional barriers, and cultural influences continue to hinder women’s participation in leadership positions. At the same time, increasing female representation in management can improve governance quality, promote inclusive academic environments, enhance research performance, strengthen social responsibility, and increase institutional competitiveness. Based on these findings, the study proposes a theoretical model and policy implications to promote gender equality in higher education governance in Vietnam.