Environmental impacts of coal mining and the current state of environmental protection for the sustainable development of Vietnam’s coal industry

Abstract: This study analyzes the environmental impacts of coal mining and evaluates the current state of environmental protection in Vietnam’s coal industry in the context of sustainable development. Using a qualitative approach combined with descriptive statistics and secondary data from published studies, legal documents, reports, and publicly available information from the Vietnam National Coal and Mineral Industries Group, the paper identifies the principal impacts of coal mining on soil, water, and air, as well as the generation of acid mine drainage and greenhouse gas emissions. The study also examines measures that Vietnam’s coal industry has implemented or is currently implementing to control pollution, rehabilitate post-mining environments, improve resource efficiency, and reduce emissions. Based on the findings, the paper proposes recommendations to improve environmental protection effectiveness and contribute to the sustainable development of Vietnam’s coal industry.