Hanoi residents’ intention to adopt electric vehicles: An integrated PPM–TPB approach
Published: August 4, 2026
Abstract
This study examines the determinants of consumers’ intention to switch to electric vehicles in Hanoi by integrating the Push – Pull - Mooring (PPM) framework with the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB). Using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) on a sample of 398 respondents, the results indicate that perceived value, representing the pull factor, is the most influential driver of switching intention. The findings further reveal the pivotal mediating role of attitude, whereby cost-related barriers (mooring factors) and environmental pressures (push factors) do not exert direct effects on intention but operate indirectly through attitudinal formation. These results contribute to extending the explanatory power of the PPM framework in emerging market contexts and provide a robust empirical basis for understanding behavioral dynamics in the transition toward green mobility.
Keywords
switching intentionelectric vehiclesPPM modelTheory of Planned Behaviorperceived value
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