Enhancing the effectiveness of teaching probability and statistics for economic applications in universities

This study highlights the critical role of probability and statistics in economics, particularly in data analysis, risk management, and economic forecasting. It proposes university-level teaching approaches that emphasize practical application, including integrating theory with practice, utilizing statistical software, engaging in real-world projects, and fostering collaboration with businesses. The study also identifies key challenges in teaching these subjects, such as difficulties in bridging theory and practice, limited access to real datasets, and inadequate software proficiency among students. To address these issues, the study recommends promoting interactive learning, developing sample data repositories, and organizing short-term training programs to enhance practical skills.