Artificial intelligence lifecycle governance and directions for developing an adaptive governance framework in Vietnam
Published: July 20, 2026
Abstract
Contemporary artificial intelligence (AI) governance is shifting from traditional regulatory models toward lifecycle-based and adaptive governance approaches, in which governance activities are continuously implemented throughout the entire lifecycle of AI systems. Based on an analysis of the mechanisms underlying AI risk formation, the limitations of static governance models, and global trends in AI governance, this study proposes a lifecycle-based governance structure consisting of three core components: (i) establishing guiding principles for AI operation to support adaptive governance; (ii) developing governance processes across the AI system lifecycle; and (iii) implementing monitoring, evaluation, and regulatory adjustment mechanisms to ensure adaptability to the evolving nature of AI technologies. Based on these findings, the study proposes policy implications for developing an adaptive AI governance model in Vietnam.
1Justin B. Bullock, Yu-Che Chen et al., The Oxford Handbook of AI Governance (Oxford University Press, 2024), chapter 22.
2.
2Nikos Th. Nikolinakos, EU Policy and Legal Framework for Artificial Intelligence, Robotics and Related Technologies: The AI Act (Springer, 2023), pp. 567-568.
3.
3Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), OECD Framework for the Classification of AI Systems (2022).
4.
4National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) - U.S. Department of Commerce, Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0) (2023)
5.
5Nikos Th. Nikolinakos, tlđd sTh., pp. 273-274.
6.
6Wim Naudé, Thomas Gries, and Nicola Dimitri, Artificial Intelligence: Economic Perspectives and Models (Cambridge University Press, 2024), p.227-229.
7.
7Nikos Th. Nikolinakos, tlđd sTh., pp. 273-274.
8.
8Luciano Floridi, Ethics, Governance, and Policies in Artificial Intelligence (Springer, 2021), pp. 130-132.
9.
9OECD, “Advancing accountability in AI: Governing and managing risks throughout the lifecycle for trustworthy AI”, OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 349 (OECD Publishing, 2023), p.06-21.
10.
10The AI Act - Regulation (EU) 2024/1689
11.
11Shin-yi Peng, Ching-Fu Lin and Thomas Streinz, Artificial intelligence and international economic law (Cambridge University Press, 2021), p. 79-82.
12.
12Luật Trí tuệ nhân tạo (Luật số: 134/2025/QH15) ngày 10 tháng 12 năm 2025; Nghị định số 142/2026/NĐ-CP quy định chi tiết một số điều và biện pháp thi hành Luật Trí tuệ nhân tạo do Chính phủ bàn hành ngày 30 tháng 4 năm 2026.
13.
13Dubber, M. D., Pasquale, F., & Das, S., The Oxford handbook of ethics of AI (Oxford University Press, 2020), p.713-717.
14.
Antunes, H. S., Freitas, P. M., Oliveira, A. L., Pereira, C. M., Sequeira, E. V., & Xavier, L. B. (2024). Multidisciplinary perspectives on artificial intelligence and the law. Springer.
15.
Barfield, W. (2020). The Cambridge handbook of the law of algorithms. Cambridge University Press.
16.
Bullock, J. B., Chen, Y.-C., et al. (2024). The Oxford handbook of AI governance. Oxford University Press.
17.
Chesterman, S. (2021). We, the robots? Regulating artificial intelligence and the limits of the law. Cambridge University Press.
18.
Corrales, M., Fenwick, M., & Forgó, N. (2018). Robot, AI and the future of law. Springer.
19.
Dubber, M. D., Pasquale, F., & Das, S. (Eds.). (2020). The Oxford handbook of ethics of AI. Oxford University Press.
20.
The AI Act - Regulation (EU) 2024/1689
21.
Floridi, L. (2021). Ethics, governance, and policies in artificial intelligence. Springer.
22.
Kovač, M. (2024). Generative artificial intelligence: A law and economics approach to optimal regulation and governance. Springer.
23.
Mathis, K., & Tor, A. (2023). Law and economics of the digital transformation. Springer.
24.
National Institute of Standards and Technology. (2023). Artificial Intelligence Risk Management Framework (AI RMF 1.0).
25.
Nikolinakos, N. T. (2023). EU policy and legal framework for artificial intelligence, robotics and related technologies: The AI Act. Springer.
26.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2022), OECD framework for the classification of AI systems.
27.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2023), “Advancing accountability in AI: Governing and managing risks throughout the lifecycle for trustworthy AI”, OECD Digital Economy Papers No. 349, OECD Publishing, p.06-21.
28.
Singh, T. (2024). Artificial intelligence and ethics: A field guide for stakeholders. CRC Press.
29.
Smuha, N. A. (2025). The Cambridge handbook of the law, ethics and policy of artificial intelligence. Cambridge University Press.
30.
Shin-yi Peng, Ching-Fu Lin and Thomas Streinz (2021), Artificial intelligence and international economic law, Cambridge University Press, p. 79-82.
31.
Voeneky, S., Kellmeyer, P., Mueller, O., & Burgard, W. (Eds.). (2022). The Cambridge handbook of responsible artificial intelligence: Interdisciplinary perspectives. Cambridge University Press.
