Vietnam’s circular economy policy framework in preparation for the ESPR and Digital Product Passport requirements

This study assesses the readiness of Vietnam’s circular economy policy framework in response to the European Union’s Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (ESPR) and Digital Product Passport (DPP). Using document analysis and policy comparison, the article examines five policy areas in terms of objectives, instruments, data infrastructure, and implementation coordination. The findings indicate that a legal foundation for the circular economy has been established, but the connection between policy orientations and product life-cycle data still requires further specification. Key issues include standardized identification, multi-tier traceability, information verification, and controlled data-sharing arrangements. The study proposes a roadmap comprising a preparation phase through 2027, enhanced interoperability through 2030, and the development of a circular data ecosystem through 2035. The article’s main contribution lies in approaching the DPP as a data-governance infrastructure supporting both the circular transition and the competitiveness of Vietnam’s textile and garment industry.