Evaluating the effectiveness of reverse supply chain development in Vietnam based on the 5R framework and proposed solutions

This study evaluates the effectiveness of reverse supply chain development in Vietnam based on the 5R framework: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, and Recycle, in the context of the circular economy and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR). A qualitative research approach is employed through the analysis of secondary data from academic literature, corporate reports, and policy documents. The findings show that Vietnam has made progress in the collection, reuse, and recycling of post-consumer materials. However, significant limitations remain in collection infrastructure, recycling capacity, waste-sorting behavior, and policy implementation. Based on these findings, the study proposes several solutions to improve reverse supply chain performance and promote the development of a circular economy in Vietnam.