Abstract
Digital transformation is reshaping school governance, yet research on digital leadership remains focused on principals, although middle leaders: vice-principals and subject-group heads, translate digitalization policies into teaching practice. Following PRISMA 2020, this study systematically reviews 47 studies published during 2015 - 2026, selected from 1,216 records, using bibliometric and content analysis. The literature comprises four thematic clusters, with data and artificial intelligence emerging as a research theme from 2022. Among five identified research gaps, the most prominent is the lack of studies using middle leaders as the unit of analysis. Integrating dynamic managerial capabilities theory, the Technology-Organization-Environment framework, e-leadership, and UTAUT2, the article proposes a four-tier research framework with 11 hypotheses. Digital leadership capacity is conceptualized as a second-order formative construct comprising four components, to be tested using PLS-SEM.
digital leadership
middle leadership
upper-secondary schools
systematic review
dynamic capabilities