Artificial Intelligence and the transformation of innovation in enterprises: An empirical review and development implications for Vietnam

Artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a foundational technology that is reshaping how enterprises make decisions, operate, and innovate. This study synthesizes empirical studies published in journals in the fields of management, economics, and finance and classifies them into six groups: (1) AI adoption; (2) AI and innovation outcomes/financial performance; (3) AI, productivity, and operations; (4) AI and green innovation; (5) AI and market structure; and (6) AI, human resources, and organizational risks. The findings indicate that AI has positive but heterogeneous effects, which may be subject to time lags, exhibit nonlinear patterns, and depend on firms’ internal capabilities. At the same time, AI adoption entails risks related to unequal access, market power, and information transparency. The study proposes implications for enterprises and policymakers in Vietnam.