The current legal framework on civil contracts rendered invalid due to violations of formal requirements under Vietnamese law

A contract is an agreement between parties to establish, modify, or terminate rights and obligations in specific legal relationships. Although parties enjoy freedom of contract, this freedom is subject to statutory conditions for validity, including formal requirements. Failure to comply with prescribed form may render a civil contract invalid, although Vietnamese law recognizes certain exceptions intended to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and preserve transactional stability. This study analyzes current Vietnamese legal provisions governing civil contracts invalid due to violations of formal requirements, examines shortcomings and difficulties in their application, and proposes recommendations for improving the relevant legal framework. The study contributes to clarifying the relationship between contractual freedom, formal validity requirements, and the legal protection of civil transactions.