Legal framework governing the right to seize collateral in the resolution of non-performing loans in Vietnam

Abstract

This study analyzes recent transformative developments in the legal framework governing the seizure of collateral. It examines the theoretical foundations and comparative international legal approaches to collateral seizure, drawing on selected country experiences to contextualize the analysis. The study further evaluates the applicability of this mechanism within the Vietnamese legal and institutional environment, with particular attention to the conditions for enforcement, safeguards for the rights of involved parties, and existing procedural limitations. By situating collateral seizure within the broader context of credit risk management, the analysis contributes to a deeper understanding of its role as an instrument for resolving non-performing loans and enhancing credit system efficiency, while highlighting key considerations in its practical implementation.
Keywords
seizure of collateral UNCITRAL Law on Credit Institutions

References

1.
Quốc hội (2013). Hiến pháp nước Cộng hòa Xã hội Chủ nghĩa Việt Nam 2013, ban hành ngày 28/11/2013.
2.
Quốc hội (2015). Luật số 96/2025/QH15: Luật sửa đổi, bổ sung một số điều của Luật Các tổ chức tín dụng, ban hành ngày 27/6/2015.
3.
Quốc hội (2015). Luật số 91/2015/QH13: Bộ Luật dân sự 2015, ban hành ngày 24/11/2015.
4.
Chính phủ (2025). Nghị định số 304/2025/NĐ-CP ngày 25/11/2015 quy định điều kiện tài sản bảo đảm của khoản nợ xấu được thu giữ.
5.
New Zealand (2010). Personal Property Securities Act 1999. [Online] Available at https://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1999/126/en/2010-11-01/#DLM46754
6.
Stănescu, C. G. (2015). Self-help remedies in secured transactions: A comparative analysis. Uniform Law Review, 20(2), 213-240.
7.
Ontario, Canada (2025). Ontario Personal Property Security Act (PPSA). [Online] Available at https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90p10
8.
UCC, USA (2022). Uniform Commercial Code. [Online] Available at https://www.uniformlaws.org/acts/ucc
9.
UNCITRAL. (2016). Model Law on Secured Transactions. [Online] Available at https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/securityinterests/modellaw/secured_transactions