Issue: Số 9 - Tháng 4 - 2026Hóa học - Công nghệ thực phẩm
Utilization of recycled red mud as a reactive supplementary material in Portland cement production
Published: June 14, 2026
Abstract
Red mud, a by-product of alumina or aluminum hydroxide production from bauxite via the Bayer process, is generated during the chemical separation stage and poses significant environmental challenges due to its large volume. In Vietnam’s Central Highlands, technological assessments indicate that approximately 1.5 tons of red mud are produced per ton of alumina, depending on ore quality, processing methods, and red mud treatment technologies. This study investigates the potential utilization of red mud as a supplementary raw material in cement production, aiming to reduce reliance on natural limestone and clay resources. The study evaluates its suitability in ensuring the performance of PCB 50 cement in accordance with TCVN 6260:2020 standards, while contributing to resource conservation, cost reduction, and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions
Keywords
red mudcementenvironmental protectionmineral resources
References
1.
Đỗ Quang Minh, Trần Bá Việt (2017). Công nghệ sản xuất xi măng Poóc-lăng và các chất kết dính vô cơ. NXB Đại học Quốc gia TP. Hồ Chí Minh.
2.
Nguyễn Văn Hướng (2019). Nghiên cứu sử dụng bùn đỏ Tân Rai để thay thế một phần xi măng. Tạp chí Khoa học Công nghệ Xây dựng.
3.
Tiểu chuẩn Quốc Gia. TCVN 6882:2016. Phụ gia khoáng cho xi măng - Mineral additive for cement. Truy cập tại https://caselaw.vn/van-ban-phap-luat/345258-tieu-chuan-quoc-gia-tcvn-6882-2016-ve-phu-gia-khoang-cho-xi măng-nam-2016
4.
Viện Khoa học Công nghệ Xây dựng (4/2006). Phương pháp dùng phụ gia đặc biệt trong sản xuất vật liệu xây dựng. Cổng thông tin điện tử Bộ Xây Dựng. Truy cập tại https://moc.gov.vn/Images/FileOld/48304/8361/Phuong_phap_phu_gia.doc.
5.
Evans K. (2016). The History, Challenges, and New Developments in the Management and Use of Bauxite Residue (Red Mud). Springer International Publishing. DOI:
6.
Li G. et al. (2024). Bauxite residue (red mud) treatment: Current situation and future perspectives. Science of the Total Environment. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171234
Silveira L.M.V. et al. (2025). Early-age properties of Portland cement with untreated red mud. Construction and Building Materials. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2025.130287
Patangia J. et al. (2023). Utilization of red mud as cement replacement: A review. Construction and Building Materials. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2023.132717.
Mohamed M.A. et al. (2026). A review on the utilization of red mud in concrete. Journal of Building Engineering. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2026.105784.
