Study of dissolution of CO₂ bubble into seawater

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a critical technology designed to reduce CO₂ emissions from industrial sources such as fossil fuel power plants, oil refineries, and cement plants. A key aspect of CCS involves the injection of CO₂ into sub-seabed geological formations. However, potential CO₂ leakage poses a risk to the marine environment, necessitating careful monitoring. This study investigates the mass transfer process of CO₂ bubbles released from shallow subsea storage using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The CFD-Fluent code was employed to simulate the rise and dissolution of CO₂ bubbles in seawater under varying current conditions. The simulations were validated against experimental data from the Quantifying and Monitoring Potential Ecosystem Impacts of Geological Carbon Storage (QICS) project. The results demonstrate that the CFD model accurately predicts the behaviors of released CO₂ bubbles in seawater, offering a valuable tool for assessing the risks associated with CCS operations.