Simulation of agglomeration and deposition of hydrate in CO₂ Pipelines

Impurities like water, which can form CO₂ hydrates under high pressure and low temperature conditions, hinder the transport of CO₂ through pipelines in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) systems. These hydrates can obstruct pipeline flow, leading to operational inefficiencies, pressure drops, and reduced heat transfer. This study uses validated Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model simulations to investigate the agglomeration and deposition mechanisms of CO₂ hydrates in pipelines. The Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model was employed, combined with a Population Balance Model (PBM) to simulate hydrate particle interactions. The findings provide insight into the hydrate concentration.