A Literature Review on Knowledge Sharing in Multinational Corporations and Technology Spillover Effects in Vietnam

The fourth wave of the COVID-19 pandemic posed significant challenges to the banking sector, particularly commercial banks. To comply with Basel capital adequacy standards, commercial banks have continuously strengthened their capital base, mainly through bond issuance to increase Tier 2 capital, thereby ensuring capital adequacy and enhancing funding capacity. This study investigates the factors affecting the capital adequacy ratio (CAR) of Vietnamese joint-stock commercial banks by examining the impacts of both macroeconomic and bank-specific factors. The dataset comprises 28 joint-stock commercial banks in Vietnam over the period from 2011 to 2022. Panel data estimation techniques, including the System Generalized Method of Moments (SGMM), are employed. The empirical results indicate that the proportion of foreign members on the Board of Directors (ForeignB) has no statistically significant effect on CAR at the 5% significance level, whereas all other variables exhibit statistically significant impacts.