Impact of technological, organizational, and environmental factors on AI adoption level: An empirical study of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City
Xuất bản: tháng 8 4, 2026
doi:10.62831/nckh.2026.408.v1
Tóm tắt
This study examines how Technology - Organization - Environment (TOE) factors differentially shape AI adoption maturity in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Drawing on the TOE framework (Tornatzky & Fleischer, 1990), Diffusion of Innovation Theory (Rogers, 1995), and Dynamic Capabilities Theory (Teece, 2007), it develops a research model comprising ten TOE factors: three technological, four organizational, and three environmental. The study argues that these factors exert stage-specific effects across five levels of AI maturity, with the drivers of early-stage AI experimentation, such as competitive pressure and top management commitment, differing fundamentally from those that support strategic AI integration, including digital capability and organizational readiness. Using data from at least 200 SMEs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, the study applies Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and Multi-Group Analysis (PLS-MGA) to examine variations in adoption drivers across maturity stages.
Từ khóa
AI adoption maturityTOE frameworkSMEsPLS-SEMmulti-group analysis
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