Vietnam’s economic security amid U.S. - China competition: Impacts and policy implications

U.S. - China competition is shifting from trade conflict toward geoeconomic rivalry in technology and supply chains, creating significant implications for Vietnam’s economic security. Using qualitative document analysis combined with policy comparison, this article clarifies Vietnam’s dual dependence structure, in which the United States plays an important role as an export market while China is a major source of inputs. The findings show that this structure creates opportunities for investment attraction while increasing risks related to rules of origin, technology, and supply-chain disruptions. On this basis, the study proposes policy implications for strengthening economic security monitoring, improving domestic production and compliance capacity, managing technology risks, diversifying supply chains, and linking economic diplomacy with the enhancement of Vietnam’s strategic autonomy.