Analysis of the mechanical behavior of motorcycle steering bearings using the finite element method and Hertz contact theory

Motorcycle steering bearings are subjected to substantial axial loads and continuous vibration and impact from road surfaces, making them susceptible to brinelling and contact fatigue. This study analyzes the static mechanical behavior of a motorcycle steering bearing using the finite element method (FEM) and validates the results against Hertzian contact theory for general ball–raceway contact. The normal load on each ball is determined from the axial load, number of balls, and contact angle, allowing calculation of the elliptical contact area and maximum contact pressure based on surface curvature. The investigated bearing is made of SAE-AISI 52100 steel, a material commonly used in motorcycle steering assemblies in Vietnam. The analysis provides a basis for identifying stress concentration regions, evaluating load-carrying capacity, and supporting subsequent dynamic analyses.