Static and dynamic mechanical behavior analysis of ball bearings through the integration of the finite element method and standards

This study analyzes the static and dynamic mechanical behavior of deep-groove ball bearings under load using the finite element method in ANSYS. Contact pressure distribution and fatigue life are evaluated against Hertzian contact theory and ISO 76 and ISO 281 standards. Static simulations under loads of 10,000 - 50,000 N show that the maximum contact-pressure error relative to Hertzian theory remains below 10%, confirming model reliability. Under dynamic conditions of 7,500 rpm and a 50,000 N load, the maximum stress is concentrated at the inner raceway, while cage stress increases significantly due to ball impacts. The predicted fatigue life reaches 21.78 million cycles, substantially exceeding the 4.7 million cycles calculated according to ISO 281. The findings provide a basis for simulating actual operating conditions and developing digital-twin models for future bearing-life and failure prediction.