Abstract
Abstract: This study analyzes ten key provisions on costs and revenues under Circular No. 20/2026/TT-BTC. Against the backdrop of growing transparency requirements and increasingly rigorous thematic tax inspections, substantiating deductible expenses has become a significant challenge for accountants and business owners. The study examines the documentation and evidentiary requirements applicable to selected expenditures, including unsuccessful bidding costs, failed research and development expenses, losses arising from natural disasters, and delegated payment authorizations. Based on this analysis, the study proposes measures to strengthen enterprises’ internal documentation procedures and reduce legal and tax compliance risks.